pyhs3.functions.Function

class pyhs3.functions.Function(**data)[source]

Base class for functions in HS3.

Provides the foundation for all function implementations, handling parameter management and constant generation.

Inherits parameter processing functionality from Evaluable. Subclasses must implement _expression() to define computation logic.

Parameters:

data (Any)

__init__(**data)

Create a new model by parsing and validating input data from keyword arguments.

Raises [ValidationError][pydantic_core.ValidationError] if the input data cannot be validated to form a valid model.

self is explicitly positional-only to allow self as a field name.

Parameters:

data (Any)

Methods

__init__(**data)

Create a new model by parsing and validating input data from keyword arguments.

construct([_fields_set])

copy(*[, include, exclude, update, deep])

Returns a copy of the model.

dict(*[, include, exclude, by_alias, ...])

expression(context)

Evaluate and return a named PyTensor expression.

from_orm(obj)

get_parameter_list(context, param_key)

Reconstruct a parameter list from flattened indexed keys.

json(*[, include, exclude, by_alias, ...])

model_construct([_fields_set])

Creates a new instance of the Model class with validated data.

model_copy(*[, update, deep])

!!! abstract "Usage Documentation"

model_dump(*[, mode, include, exclude, ...])

!!! abstract "Usage Documentation"

model_dump_json(*[, indent, ensure_ascii, ...])

!!! abstract "Usage Documentation"

model_json_schema([by_alias, ref_template, ...])

Generates a JSON schema for a model class.

model_parametrized_name(params)

Compute the class name for parametrizations of generic classes.

model_post_init(context, /)

This function is meant to behave like a BaseModel method to initialise private attributes.

model_rebuild(*[, force, raise_errors, ...])

Try to rebuild the pydantic-core schema for the model.

model_validate(obj, *[, strict, extra, ...])

Validate a pydantic model instance.

model_validate_json(json_data, *[, strict, ...])

!!! abstract "Usage Documentation"

model_validate_strings(obj, *[, strict, ...])

Validate the given object with string data against the Pydantic model.

parse_file(path, *[, content_type, ...])

parse_obj(obj)

parse_raw(b, *[, content_type, encoding, ...])

process_parameter(param_key)

Process a single parameter that can be either a string reference or numeric value.

process_parameter_list(param_key)

Process a list parameter containing mixed string references and numeric values.

schema([by_alias, ref_template])

schema_json(*[, by_alias, ref_template])

update_forward_refs(**localns)

validate(value)

Attributes

constants

Dictionary of PyTensor constants generated from numeric field values.

model_computed_fields

model_config

Configuration for the model, should be a dictionary conforming to [ConfigDict][pydantic.config.ConfigDict].

model_extra

Get extra fields set during validation.

model_fields

model_fields_set

Returns the set of fields that have been explicitly set on this model instance.

parameters

Set of parameter names this component depends on.

name

type

classmethod Function.construct(_fields_set=None, **values)
Parameters:
Return type:

Self

Function.copy(*, include=None, exclude=None, update=None, deep=False)

Returns a copy of the model.

!!! warning “Deprecated”

This method is now deprecated; use model_copy instead.

If you need include or exclude, use:

`python {test="skip" lint="skip"} data = self.model_dump(include=include, exclude=exclude, round_trip=True) data = {**data, **(update or {})} copied = self.model_validate(data) `

Parameters:

  • include (Set[int] | Set[str] | Mapping[int, Any] | Mapping[str, Any] | None) – Optional set or mapping specifying which fields to include in the copied model.

  • exclude (Set[int] | Set[str] | Mapping[int, Any] | Mapping[str, Any] | None) – Optional set or mapping specifying which fields to exclude in the copied model.

  • update (Dict[str, Any] | None) – Optional dictionary of field-value pairs to override field values in the copied model.

  • deep (bool) – If True, the values of fields that are Pydantic models will be deep-copied.

Return type:

Self

Returns:

A copy of the model with included, excluded and updated fields as specified.

Function.dict(*, include=None, exclude=None, by_alias=False, exclude_unset=False, exclude_defaults=False, exclude_none=False)
Parameters:
Return type:

Dict[str, Any]

Function.expression(context)

Evaluate and return a named PyTensor expression.

This is a template method that calls _expression() to get the result, then names the result before returning.

_expression() may return a tensor it does not own — for example a single-summand SumFunction or a single-factor ProductFunction returns context[param] directly, which is the same tensor object stored in model.parameters. Renaming such a shared tensor in place would silently corrupt the parameter it borrows (e.g. model.parameters['mu'] would be renamed to the function’s name). To avoid this, a result that already carries a different name is wrapped in a fresh identity copy before being renamed; freshly built (unnamed) expressions are named in place as before so that compilation and graph_summary keep working.

Parameters:

context (Context) – Mapping of names to PyTensor variables

Return type:

TypeAliasType

Returns:

Named PyTensor expression representing the component

classmethod Function.from_orm(obj)
Parameters:

obj (Any)

Return type:

Self

Function.get_parameter_list(context, param_key)

Reconstruct a parameter list from flattened indexed keys.

Used to recover the original list structure from the indexed parameter mapping created by process_parameter_list().

Parameters:

  • context (Context) – The context containing parameter values mapped by name.

  • param_key (str) – The base parameter key (e.g., “factors”).

Return type:

list[TypeAliasType]

Returns:

List of parameter values in original order.

Example

>>> from typing import Literal
>>> class TestEvaluable(Evaluable):
...     type: Literal["test"] = "test"
...     factors: list[str | float]
...     def _expression(self, _: Context) -> TensorVar:
...         return None
>>>
>>> eval1 = TestEvaluable(name="test", factors=["a", 1.0, "b"])
>>> context = {
...     "a": "tensor_a",
...     "constant_test_factors[1]": "tensor_1",
...     "b": "tensor_b"
... }
>>> eval1.get_parameter_list(context, "factors")
['tensor_a', 'tensor_1', 'tensor_b']
Function.json(*, include=None, exclude=None, by_alias=False, exclude_unset=False, exclude_defaults=False, exclude_none=False, encoder=PydanticUndefined, models_as_dict=PydanticUndefined, **dumps_kwargs)
Parameters:
Return type:

str

classmethod Function.model_construct(_fields_set=None, **values)

Creates a new instance of the Model class with validated data.

Creates a new model setting __dict__ and __pydantic_fields_set__ from trusted or pre-validated data. Default values are respected, but no other validation is performed.

!!! note

model_construct() generally respects the model_config.extra setting on the provided model. That is, if model_config.extra == ‘allow’, then all extra passed values are added to the model instance’s __dict__ and __pydantic_extra__ fields. If model_config.extra == ‘ignore’ (the default), then all extra passed values are ignored. Because no validation is performed with a call to model_construct(), having model_config.extra == ‘forbid’ does not result in an error if extra values are passed, but they will be ignored.

Parameters:

  • _fields_set (set[str] | None) – A set of field names that were originally explicitly set during instantiation. If provided, this is directly used for the [model_fields_set][pydantic.BaseModel.model_fields_set] attribute. Otherwise, the field names from the values argument will be used.

  • values (Any) – Trusted or pre-validated data dictionary.

Return type:

Self

Returns:

A new instance of the Model class with validated data.

Function.model_copy(*, update=None, deep=False)
!!! abstract “Usage Documentation”

[model_copy](../concepts/models.md#model-copy)

Returns a copy of the model.

!!! note

The underlying instance’s [__dict__][object.__dict__] attribute is copied. This might have unexpected side effects if you store anything in it, on top of the model fields (e.g. the value of [cached properties][functools.cached_property]).

Parameters:

  • update (Mapping[str, Any] | None) – Values to change/add in the new model. Note: the data is not validated before creating the new model. You should trust this data.

  • deep (bool) – Set to True to make a deep copy of the model.

Return type:

Self

Returns:

New model instance.

Function.model_dump(*, mode='python', include=None, exclude=None, context=None, by_alias=None, exclude_unset=False, exclude_defaults=False, exclude_none=False, exclude_computed_fields=False, round_trip=False, warnings=True, fallback=None, serialize_as_any=False)
!!! abstract “Usage Documentation”

[model_dump](../concepts/serialization.md#python-mode)

Generate a dictionary representation of the model, optionally specifying which fields to include or exclude.

Parameters:

  • mode (Literal['json', 'python'] | str) – The mode in which to_python should run. If mode is ‘json’, the output will only contain JSON serializable types. If mode is ‘python’, the output may contain non-JSON-serializable Python objects.

  • include (set[int] | set[str] | Mapping[int, set[int] | set[str] | Mapping[int, IncEx | bool] | Mapping[str, IncEx | bool] | bool] | Mapping[str, set[int] | set[str] | Mapping[int, IncEx | bool] | Mapping[str, IncEx | bool] | bool] | None) – A set of fields to include in the output.

  • exclude (set[int] | set[str] | Mapping[int, set[int] | set[str] | Mapping[int, IncEx | bool] | Mapping[str, IncEx | bool] | bool] | Mapping[str, set[int] | set[str] | Mapping[int, IncEx | bool] | Mapping[str, IncEx | bool] | bool] | None) – A set of fields to exclude from the output.

  • context (Any | None) – Additional context to pass to the serializer.

  • by_alias (bool | None) – Whether to use the field’s alias in the dictionary key if defined.

  • exclude_unset (bool) – Whether to exclude fields that have not been explicitly set.

  • exclude_defaults (bool) – Whether to exclude fields that are set to their default value.

  • exclude_none (bool) – Whether to exclude fields that have a value of None.

  • exclude_computed_fields (bool) – Whether to exclude computed fields. While this can be useful for round-tripping, it is usually recommended to use the dedicated round_trip parameter instead.

  • round_trip (bool) – If True, dumped values should be valid as input for non-idempotent types such as Json[T].

  • warnings (bool | Literal['none', 'warn', 'error']) – How to handle serialization errors. False/”none” ignores them, True/”warn” logs errors, “error” raises a [PydanticSerializationError][pydantic_core.PydanticSerializationError].

  • fallback (Callable[[Any], Any] | None) – A function to call when an unknown value is encountered. If not provided, a [PydanticSerializationError][pydantic_core.PydanticSerializationError] error is raised.

  • serialize_as_any (bool) – Whether to serialize fields with duck-typing serialization behavior.

Return type:

dict[str, Any]

Returns:

A dictionary representation of the model.

Function.model_dump_json(*, indent=None, ensure_ascii=False, include=None, exclude=None, context=None, by_alias=None, exclude_unset=False, exclude_defaults=False, exclude_none=False, exclude_computed_fields=False, round_trip=False, warnings=True, fallback=None, serialize_as_any=False)
!!! abstract “Usage Documentation”

[model_dump_json](../concepts/serialization.md#json-mode)

Generates a JSON representation of the model using Pydantic’s to_json method.

Parameters:

  • indent (int | None) – Indentation to use in the JSON output. If None is passed, the output will be compact.

  • ensure_ascii (bool) – If True, the output is guaranteed to have all incoming non-ASCII characters escaped. If False (the default), these characters will be output as-is.

  • include (set[int] | set[str] | Mapping[int, set[int] | set[str] | Mapping[int, IncEx | bool] | Mapping[str, IncEx | bool] | bool] | Mapping[str, set[int] | set[str] | Mapping[int, IncEx | bool] | Mapping[str, IncEx | bool] | bool] | None) – Field(s) to include in the JSON output.

  • exclude (set[int] | set[str] | Mapping[int, set[int] | set[str] | Mapping[int, IncEx | bool] | Mapping[str, IncEx | bool] | bool] | Mapping[str, set[int] | set[str] | Mapping[int, IncEx | bool] | Mapping[str, IncEx | bool] | bool] | None) – Field(s) to exclude from the JSON output.

  • context (Any | None) – Additional context to pass to the serializer.

  • by_alias (bool | None) – Whether to serialize using field aliases.

  • exclude_unset (bool) – Whether to exclude fields that have not been explicitly set.

  • exclude_defaults (bool) – Whether to exclude fields that are set to their default value.

  • exclude_none (bool) – Whether to exclude fields that have a value of None.

  • exclude_computed_fields (bool) – Whether to exclude computed fields. While this can be useful for round-tripping, it is usually recommended to use the dedicated round_trip parameter instead.

  • round_trip (bool) – If True, dumped values should be valid as input for non-idempotent types such as Json[T].

  • warnings (bool | Literal['none', 'warn', 'error']) – How to handle serialization errors. False/”none” ignores them, True/”warn” logs errors, “error” raises a [PydanticSerializationError][pydantic_core.PydanticSerializationError].

  • fallback (Callable[[Any], Any] | None) – A function to call when an unknown value is encountered. If not provided, a [PydanticSerializationError][pydantic_core.PydanticSerializationError] error is raised.

  • serialize_as_any (bool) – Whether to serialize fields with duck-typing serialization behavior.

Return type:

str

Returns:

A JSON string representation of the model.

classmethod Function.model_json_schema(by_alias=True, ref_template='#/$defs/{model}', schema_generator=<class 'pydantic.json_schema.GenerateJsonSchema'>, mode='validation', *, union_format='any_of')

Generates a JSON schema for a model class.

Parameters:

  • by_alias (bool) – Whether to use attribute aliases or not.

  • ref_template (str) – The reference template.

  • union_format (Literal['any_of', 'primitive_type_array']) –

    The format to use when combining schemas from unions together. Can be one of:

    keyword to combine schemas (the default). - ‘primitive_type_array’: Use the [type](https://json-schema.org/understanding-json-schema/reference/type) keyword as an array of strings, containing each type of the combination. If any of the schemas is not a primitive type (string, boolean, null, integer or number) or contains constraints/metadata, falls back to any_of.

  • schema_generator (type[GenerateJsonSchema]) – To override the logic used to generate the JSON schema, as a subclass of GenerateJsonSchema with your desired modifications

  • mode (Literal['validation', 'serialization']) – The mode in which to generate the schema.

Return type:

dict[str, Any]

Returns:

The JSON schema for the given model class.

classmethod Function.model_parametrized_name(params)

Compute the class name for parametrizations of generic classes.

This method can be overridden to achieve a custom naming scheme for generic BaseModels.

Parameters:

params (tuple[type[Any], ...]) – Tuple of types of the class. Given a generic class Model with 2 type variables and a concrete model Model[str, int], the value (str, int) would be passed to params.

Return type:

str

Returns:

String representing the new class where params are passed to cls as type variables.

Raises:

TypeError – Raised when trying to generate concrete names for non-generic models.

Function.model_post_init(context, /)

This function is meant to behave like a BaseModel method to initialise private attributes.

It takes context as an argument since that’s what pydantic-core passes when calling it.

Parameters:

  • self (BaseModel) – The BaseModel instance.

  • context (Any) – The context.

Return type:

None

classmethod Function.model_rebuild(*, force=False, raise_errors=True, _parent_namespace_depth=2, _types_namespace=None)

Try to rebuild the pydantic-core schema for the model.

This may be necessary when one of the annotations is a ForwardRef which could not be resolved during the initial attempt to build the schema, and automatic rebuilding fails.

Parameters:

  • force (bool) – Whether to force the rebuilding of the model schema, defaults to False.

  • raise_errors (bool) – Whether to raise errors, defaults to True.

  • _parent_namespace_depth (int) – The depth level of the parent namespace, defaults to 2.

  • _types_namespace (Mapping[str, Any] | None) – The types namespace, defaults to None.

Return type:

bool | None

Returns:

Returns None if the schema is already “complete” and rebuilding was not required. If rebuilding _was_ required, returns True if rebuilding was successful, otherwise False.

classmethod Function.model_validate(obj, *, strict=None, extra=None, from_attributes=None, context=None, by_alias=None, by_name=None)

Validate a pydantic model instance.

Parameters:

  • obj (Any) – The object to validate.

  • strict (bool | None) – Whether to enforce types strictly.

  • extra (Literal['allow', 'ignore', 'forbid'] | None) – Whether to ignore, allow, or forbid extra data during model validation. See the [extra configuration value][pydantic.ConfigDict.extra] for details.

  • from_attributes (bool | None) – Whether to extract data from object attributes.

  • context (Any | None) – Additional context to pass to the validator.

  • by_alias (bool | None) – Whether to use the field’s alias when validating against the provided input data.

  • by_name (bool | None) – Whether to use the field’s name when validating against the provided input data.

Raises:

ValidationError – If the object could not be validated.

Return type:

Self

Returns:

The validated model instance.

classmethod Function.model_validate_json(json_data, *, strict=None, extra=None, context=None, by_alias=None, by_name=None)
!!! abstract “Usage Documentation”

[JSON Parsing](../concepts/json.md#json-parsing)

Validate the given JSON data against the Pydantic model.

Parameters:

  • json_data (str | bytes | bytearray) – The JSON data to validate.

  • strict (bool | None) – Whether to enforce types strictly.

  • extra (Literal['allow', 'ignore', 'forbid'] | None) – Whether to ignore, allow, or forbid extra data during model validation. See the [extra configuration value][pydantic.ConfigDict.extra] for details.

  • context (Any | None) – Extra variables to pass to the validator.

  • by_alias (bool | None) – Whether to use the field’s alias when validating against the provided input data.

  • by_name (bool | None) – Whether to use the field’s name when validating against the provided input data.

Return type:

Self

Returns:

The validated Pydantic model.

Raises:

ValidationError – If json_data is not a JSON string or the object could not be validated.

classmethod Function.model_validate_strings(obj, *, strict=None, extra=None, context=None, by_alias=None, by_name=None)

Validate the given object with string data against the Pydantic model.

Parameters:

  • obj (Any) – The object containing string data to validate.

  • strict (bool | None) – Whether to enforce types strictly.

  • extra (Literal['allow', 'ignore', 'forbid'] | None) – Whether to ignore, allow, or forbid extra data during model validation. See the [extra configuration value][pydantic.ConfigDict.extra] for details.

  • context (Any | None) – Extra variables to pass to the validator.

  • by_alias (bool | None) – Whether to use the field’s alias when validating against the provided input data.

  • by_name (bool | None) – Whether to use the field’s name when validating against the provided input data.

Return type:

Self

Returns:

The validated Pydantic model.

classmethod Function.parse_file(path, *, content_type=None, encoding='utf8', proto=None, allow_pickle=False)
Parameters:
Return type:

Self

classmethod Function.parse_obj(obj)
Parameters:

obj (Any)

Return type:

Self

classmethod Function.parse_raw(b, *, content_type=None, encoding='utf8', proto=None, allow_pickle=False)
Parameters:
Return type:

Self

Function.process_parameter(param_key)

Process a single parameter that can be either a string reference or numeric value.

For numeric values, generates a unique constant name. For string values, returns the value as-is.

Parameters:

param_key (str) – The parameter field name to process (e.g., “mean”, “sigma”).

Returns:

  • processed_name: Either the original string value or a generated constant name

  • numeric_value: The numeric value if input was numeric, None otherwise

Return type:

Tuple containing

Example

>>> from typing import Literal
>>> class TestEvaluable(Evaluable):
...     type: Literal["test"] = "test"
...     some_param: str | float
...     def _expression(self, _: Context) -> TensorVar:
...         return None
>>>
>>> # String parameter
>>> eval1 = TestEvaluable(name="test1", some_param="alpha")
>>> eval1.process_parameter("some_param")
('alpha', None)

>>> # Numeric parameter
>>> eval2 = TestEvaluable(name="test2", some_param=1.5)
>>> eval2.process_parameter("some_param")
('constant_test2_some_param', 1.5)
Function.process_parameter_list(param_key)

Process a list parameter containing mixed string references and numeric values.

For numeric values, generates indexed unique names and stores the values. For string values, returns the values as-is. Also updates internal parameter mapping with indexed keys.

Parameters:

param_key (str) – The parameter field name to process (e.g., “factors”, “coefficients”).

Returns:

  • processed_names: List of parameter names (original strings or generated constant names)

  • numeric_values: List of numeric values (None for string entries)

Return type:

Tuple containing

Example

>>> from typing import Literal
>>> class TestEvaluable(Evaluable):
...     type: Literal["test"] = "test"
...     factors: list[str | float]
...     def _expression(self, _: Context) -> TensorVar:
...         return None
>>>
>>> eval1 = TestEvaluable(name="test", factors=["param1", 2.0, "param2"])
>>> names, values = eval1.process_parameter_list("factors")
>>> names
['param1', 'constant_test_factors[1]', 'param2']
>>> values
[None, 2.0, None]
classmethod Function.schema(by_alias=True, ref_template='#/$defs/{model}')
Parameters:

  • by_alias (bool)

  • ref_template (str)

Return type:

Dict[str, Any]

classmethod Function.schema_json(*, by_alias=True, ref_template='#/$defs/{model}', **dumps_kwargs)
Parameters:

  • by_alias (bool)

  • ref_template (str)

  • dumps_kwargs (Any)

Return type:

str

classmethod Function.update_forward_refs(**localns)
Parameters:

localns (Any)

Return type:

None

classmethod Function.validate(value)
Parameters:

value (Any)

Return type:

Self

Function.constants

Dictionary of PyTensor constants generated from numeric field values.

Returns:

Mapping from generated constant names to PyTensor constant tensors. Empty if all fields are string references.

Function.model_computed_fields = {}
Function.model_config: ClassVar[ConfigDict] = {'serialize_by_alias': True}

Configuration for the model, should be a dictionary conforming to [ConfigDict][pydantic.config.ConfigDict].

Function.model_extra

Get extra fields set during validation.

Returns:

A dictionary of extra fields, or None if config.extra is not set to “allow”.

Function.model_fields = {'name': FieldInfo(annotation=str, required=True, json_schema_extra={'preprocess': False}), 'type': FieldInfo(annotation=str, required=True, json_schema_extra={'preprocess': False}, repr=False)}
Function.model_fields_set

Returns the set of fields that have been explicitly set on this model instance.

Returns:

A set of strings representing the fields that have been set,

i.e. that were not filled from defaults.

Function.parameters

Set of parameter names this component depends on.

Returns:

Set of parameter names, including both string references and generated constant names for numeric values.

Function.name: str
Function.type: str